Groundwater bioremediation involves the engineering of the subsurface environment to optimize conditions for microbial activity. A bioremedial treatment may include the application of one, or a combination of the following amendments: oxygen, microbial consortium, biocatalyst, nutrients, reducing/oxidizing agents, pH buffers, cometabolic substrates, etc. Typically, both primary and secondary lines of evidence are collected during bioremedial treatments to document that biological activity is responsible for mass reduction and to ensure that the system remains within optimal conditions. All bioremediation projects are preceeded by a biofeasibility study to confirm that the contaminant can be biologically degraded, to determine that no compounds exist within the treatment media that are toxic to the microbes, and to estimate the remedial timeframe. Furthermore, the initial study can be extended to identify specific strains that are responsible for contaminant degradation, to determine their optimal growth conditions, and to identify expected microbial life cycles.